【樂愛國】論朱熹“利者，情面之所欲”的內涵甜心寶貝一包養網——兼與胡安國“利者，人欲之私”之比較

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Keywords:Confucius; Yi; Zhu Xi; Heavenly Rules; Human Desires;

Zhu Xi interprets “The Book of Thoughts·Li Ren” “Revised people to express their meanings, and gentlemen to express their benefits”, saying: “The meaning is what the law of heaven is suitable for; profit is what the face wants.”[1](P .73) This is often confused by later scholars in the words of Juan: “The meaning is the public of the laws of nature; profit is the selfishness of human desires”, and it is mistakenly believed that the meaning and profit equal to the laws of nature and human desires. The opposition between meaning and profit is the denial of mutual benefit. Until Li Zehou, who recently published the book, still quoted Kang Youwei as saying, “Confucius valued his merits, and he praised Guan Zhong, and his words were slandered… The Confucian scholars of the Song Dynasty did not know it, but despised utilitarianism, which led to the respect of talents, and China was depressed.” [2](P.264) In fact, Zhu Xi said that “human desires are not good,” and he said that “preserving the laws of nature and slacking human desires” does not stand up against the laws of nature and human desires, and eliminate human normal desires.e6%88%91%e7%9a%84%e8%80%81%e5%85%ac/”>官网网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站dcard快网站When standing up, it does not only negate profit, but also includes the determination of a certain level of profit.

1. “Popularity is the selfishness of human desires” and “profit is the desire of the face”

Cheng explained that “the human heart is dangerous, the Tao heart is subtle, the essence is unique, and the ability to conquer the middle”: “‘The human heart is dangerous,’ is human desire. ‘The mind of Tao is only subtle’ is the law of heaven. ‘Only the essence is unique’, so it is caused. ‘Suit the middle’, so I do it. ”[3](P.126) also said: “People’s selfish desires are in danger. The truth of Tao is the nature of heaven, so it is subtle. It is clear to the principles of nature if you want to selfish desires. ”[3](P.312) It can be seen that in Cheng, “human desire” is “selfish desire”, and it is opposite to “nature principles”. Regarding Yili, Cheng said: “Mencius distinguished between Shun and Zhi only in Yili. The words are said to be too far away from each other, and the conflict is too small. Identity and profit are just public and private. Talent comes out, and it is easy to speak out… Short-term is the common sense of the whole country. Everyone knows to take advantage of benefits and avoid harm, and the sages do not care about short-term goals, but only regard them as saying things and inappropriate things. ”[3](P.176) The “Importance and profit” are just public and private. Only by virtue is made, and by virtue of speaking, it is not difficult to understand that it is to stand up to the right and profit equal to public and private. However, Cheng also said: “Anything that is harmless is profit, and a righteous person does not want profit without profit… Benevolence and righteousness have not been humble. ”[3](P.249) “The sage does not discuss anything about profit, but it does not harm the meaning of the sage. ”[3](P.396) means that in terms of meaning and profit, correct people talk about meaning; in terms of profit and harm, “correct people do not want profit without seeking profit” and “benevolence and morality have not been absent.” From this we can see that in Cheng, meaning and profit have both opposites and connections with each other. As the saying goes, “the sages regard meaning as profit, and righteousness and peace are profit”[3](P.173).

As “the one who has achieved success in learning from Luo River” has believed that the book “Year” “restrains people’s desires from the flow, preserves the laws of nature in the aftermath, and is the deepest and farthest future generations” [4] “Year Preface”, it talks about the opposition between the laws of nature and human desires, and also matches the laws of nature and human desires with the interests of nature, saying: “Profit is the selfishness of human desires, and puts it in profit. href=”https://twilovedating999.com/”>心文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文文� ”[4](P.43) Hu Yin also said: “Yi is the rule of heaven and the sage of the sage of Huaxia. Profit is the selfishness of human desires, and it is the meaning of a gentleman’s sacrificial life. ”[5](P.430) Zhang Feng said: “There is nothing to do with sacred learning…Those who do things are justified are all the selfishness of human desires, not the existence of the laws of nature. This is the distinction between virtue and profit. ”[6](P.311) Although from Juan to Zhang Feng, he said, “That is the public of the laws of nature; profit is the private of human desires”, it is impossible to fully explain that they are equal to the laws of nature and human desires, and that the opposition between meaning and profit is not difficult to be considered as saying. The opposition of power is the denial of opposition. Like Cheng Xi and Hu’an, Zhu Xi also often said, “Stop human desires and preserve the principles of heaven.” His “Collected Notes of Mencius” said: “Mencius analyzed the questions of the king in the past several subtle ways, which are the reasons why he suppressed human desires and preserve the principles of heaven. ”[1](P.22Baoqingapp0) also quoted Ju Anguo as saying: “Zhongni wrote “Year” to embody the law of the country… Those who know Confucius said that this book was to curb people’s desires from the flow and preserve the laws of heaven in the aftermath, which was the deepest and deepest. ”[1](P.276) Zhu Xi also said in his late years: “The saints pay thousands of words to teach people today’s reason and to relieve people’s desires. ”[7](P.207) The sentence “Today’s reason is to harm people’s desires” was later called “preserving the principles of heaven and seeking people’s desires”[8](P.1514). At the same time, Zhu Xi also often matched the principles of heaven and human desires with interests. He said: “To look at things, we must look at them at that place. You must open the back, and don’t go to the corner. Now we must have the principles of nature and human desires, the interests of public and private interests, and the distinction between them is clear… If we do not go down to that great prefecture, we will have a clear sentence, just one sentence, and the truth will be small. ”[7](P.227)

In fact, Zhu Xi said, “Preserving the principles of heaven and sucking human desires”, and did not deny human desires. He said: “Man’s desire is just a heart that desires to eat and cold to wear clothes. ”[7](P. 2009) Therefore, “human desires are not convenient, which is not good. ”[7](P. 2010) also said: “As long as the cold and cold, they are all born from my blood and body, and other people are not connected with it. What they say is selfish is not good, but they cannot be favored. ”[9](Purchase the pipelin